Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Karst is a term used world-wide to describe the distinctive landforms that develop on rock types that are readily dissolved by water. In Ireland, karstification mostly occurs in limestone regions. As approximately half of the Republic of Ireland is underlain by limestone, karst is a significant aspect of the Irish environment. There are many kinds of karst landforms, ranging in size from millimetres to kilometres. For simplicity, these landforms are grouped into nine main types in the National Karst Landform Database. These are: borehole, cave, dry valley, enclosed depression, estavelle, spring, superficial solution features, swallow hole, turlough.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The National Karst Database consists of point features, locating the centre (or</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>,</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>in the case of a cave, the entrance) of the karst landform</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>,</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>and records details of the landform</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>’</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>s dimensions and functioning. The database was developed by Morgan Burke in 1999. Features are added to the dataset through periodic live updates</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>.</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>It is important to note that it is NOT a comprehensive database and represents only areas that have been mapped by GSI, or third parties whose data have been processed. Although we try to ensure the information is as reliable as possible, the GSI takes no responsibility for the accuracy of the data or for decisions made on the basis of using the data. Due attention must be paid to the location accuracy given with each well record. Digital files are live-updated periodically and users are responsible for obtaining the latest version of the data.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>There are 17 data published fields (designated in square brackets below, []). Not all records have data associated with all fields and, for many of the records, only some of the fields have values.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>[FNUM]: GSI's number for karst feature.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>[FTYPE]: karst feature type </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>–</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>one of eight main types: borehole, cave, dry valley, enclosed depression, spring, superficial solution features, swallow hole, turlough.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>[FNAME]: karst feature local name, such as a local spring name.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>[TOWNLAND]: Townland name</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>[COUNTY]: County.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>[GRID_ACCUR]: Spatial accuracy of the Grid Reference, in metres/kilometres.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>[COMMENTS]: General comments.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>[KFSOURCE]: Source of information for karst feature, if not from GSI studies.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>[COMMENTS_1]: Comments on geological setting, including stratigraphy.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>[SP_TOWNLAND]: Townland name</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>[SP_COUNTY]: County.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>[LITHOLOGY]: Dominant limestone composition: Dolomite; Limestone, muddy; Limestone, clean (>=90% CaCO3, bedded); Limestone, cherty; Limestone, clean (>90% CaCO3, unbedded); Limestone, other; N/A).</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>[STRATIGRAPHY]: </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>[EASTING_ITM]: Easting, six figure Irish Transverse Mercator Grid Reference</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>.</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN /></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>[NORTHING_ITM]: Northing, six figure Irish Transverse Mercator Grid Reference</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>.</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN /></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>[EASTING_IG]: Easting, six figure Irish National Grid reference</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>[NORTHING_IG]: Northing, six figure Irish National Grid Reference</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>.</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN /></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN /></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN /></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Copyright Text: Contains Irish Public Sector Data (Geological Survey) licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10pt">This is a polygon dataset containing nine Bedrock Aquifer classes.</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN /></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>1) Regionally Important Aquifers:</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Regionally important aquifers are capable of supplying regionally important abstractions (e.g. large public water supplies), or excellent yields (>400 m3/d). Bedrock aquifer units generally have a continuous area of >25 km2 and groundwater predominantly flows through fractures, fissures, joints or conduits. Regionally important sand/gravel aquifers are >10 km2, and groundwater flows between the sand and gravel grains.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>This group is subdivided into the following types:</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Rk Regionally Important Karstified Bedrock Aquifer </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Rf Regionally Important Fissured Bedrock Aquifer </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Rg Regionally Important Sand/Gravel Aquifer</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Regionally important karstified aquifers may be further subdivided based on the whether groundwater flows mainly through conduits (Rkc) or more diffusely through solutionally-enlarged fissures (Rkd).</SPAN></SPAN></P><P /><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>2) Locally Important Aquifers:</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Locally important aquifers are capable of supplying locally important abstractions (e.g. smaller public water supplies, group schemes), or good yields (100-400 m3/d). In the bedrock aquifers, groundwater predominantly flows through fractures, fissures, joints or conduits. Locally important sand/gravel aquifers are typically >1 km2, and groundwater flows between the sand and gravel grains.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>This group is subdivided into the following types:</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Lm Locally Important Bedrock Aquifer, Generally Moderately Productive </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Ll Locally Important Bedrock Aquifer, Moderately Productive only in Local Zones </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Lk Locally Important Karstified Bedrock Aquifer </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Lg Locally Important Sand/Gravel Aquifer</SPAN></SPAN></P><P /><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>3) Poor Aquifers:</SPAN></SPAN></P><P /><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>These bedrock aquifers are capable of supplying small abstractions (e.g. domestic supplies, small group schemes), or moderate to low yields (<100 m3/d). Groundwater predominantly flows through a limited and poorly-connected network of fractures, fissures and joints.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>This group is subdivided into the following types:</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Pl Poor Bedrock Aquifer, Generally Unproductive except in Local Zones </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Pu Poor Bedrock Aquifer, Generally Unproductive</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN /></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Copyright Text: Contains Irish Public Sector Data (Geological Survey) licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN>Groundwater is most at risk where the subsoils are absent or thin and, in areas of karstic limestone, where surface streams sink underground at swallow holes.</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Groundwater vulnerability maps are based on the type and thicknesses of subsoils (sands, gravels, glacial tills (or boulder clays), peat, lake and alluvial silts and clays), and the presence of karst features.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>All land area is assigned one of the following groundwater vulnerability categories: Rock near surface or karst (X) Extreme (E) High (H) Moderate (M) Low (L). </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The Groundwater Vulnerability map indicates:</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The likelihood of groundwater contamination.</SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Aids land-use management. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Helps in the choice of preventative measures and enables developments, which have a significant potential to contaminate, to be located in areas of lower vulnerability. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Helps to ensure that a groundwater protection scheme is not unnecessarily restrictive on human economic activity.</SPAN></SPAN></P></LI></UL><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN /></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Service Item Id: 2a22c42e3c7241889ef745adad41d257
Copyright Text: Contains Irish Public Sector Data (Geological Survey) licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><P STYLE="text-align:Justify;margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>County Geological Sites have been surveyed by an ongoing national programme of County Geological Heritage Audits. These have been carried out since 2004, and to date over half of the country has been completed. The programme of CGS documentation is a dynamic process as additional sites may be added through new exposures such as quarries and road cuttings, and notifications from local community knowledge.</SPAN></SPAN></P><DIV><P><SPAN /></P></DIV></DIV>
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>This dataset comprises sand and gravel aquifers. Sand and gravel aquifers may be locally important (Lg) or regionally important (Rg). Rg - A sand/gravel aquifer is classed as regionally important if it can supply regionally important abstractions (e.g. large public water supplies with </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>‘</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>excellent</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>’</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>yields >400 m3/d). It is highly permeable, more than 10 m thick or has a saturated thickness of at least 5 m, and should extend over at least 5 km2, and usually over 10 km2. Lg - Locally Important Sand/Gravel Aquifer: Similar to a Regionally Important Sand/Gravel Aquifer (Rg), but with a smaller continuous area (c.1-10 km2) and/or less consistent permeability. Although the aquifer may supply </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>‘</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>excellent</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>’</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>yields, the smaller size limits the amount of recharge available to meet abstractions. Sand/gravel deposits have a dual role in groundwater development and supply. Firstly, in some cases they can supply significant quantities of water for supply and are therefore classed as aquifers, and secondly, they provide storage for underlying bedrock aquifers. A sand/gravel deposit is classed as an aquifer if the deposit is highly permeable, more than 10 m thick and greater than one square kilometre in aerial extent. The thickness of the deposit is often used rather than the more relevant saturated zone thickness as the information on the latter is rarely available. In many instances it may be assumed that a deposit with a thickness of 10 m will have a saturated zone of at least 5 m. This is not the case where deposits have a high relief (for example eskers or deposits in high topographic areas) as these gravels are often dry.</SPAN></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Copyright Text: Contains Irish Public Sector Data (Geological Survey) licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>Bedrock outcrop polygons, derived from digitising outcrop locations off scanned 19th Century GSI field maps. The data was derived from mapping at a scale of 1:10,560 (6 inches to one mile). Individual map sheets were geo-referenced to an index polygon and checked against an OSi 1:50,000 rater base.</SPAN><SPAN>Attribution of these outcrop polygons is ongoing, and is available in the 50k data packages</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>These data represent the latest version of the bedrock geological dataset for Ireland at 1:100,000 scale, including recent 1:50k mapping . The dataset comprises 4 key shape files: </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>1) Bedrock Polygons_ITM_2018.shp: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>A polygon shapefile that contains bedrock geological information on Stratigraphy, Igneous units, Lithology and Diagenetic codes, linked to a stratigraphic lexicon. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>2) Structural Symbols_100K_ITM_2018: A </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>point shapefile that contains structural symbols and dip labels.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>3) </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>Geological Linework_100k_ITM_2018: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>A line shapefile that contains structural geological line work codes, stratigraphic geological line codes and descriptions and map sheet cross sections as per paper printed maps. This dataset also contains Lexicon information.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>4) Bedrock outcrops_ITM_2018: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>A polygon shapefile that contains unattributed bedrock outcrops.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 14 0;"><SPAN /></P><P /></DIV></DIV></DIV>